Drug Discovery And Development Of New Medicine - 1417 Words

Describe and discuss recent developments in drug discovery. As our society is evolving so is diseases many drugs that were previously effective to cure certain diseases are simply not as effective any more or on the other hand there isn’t sufficient medicine to battle the current new health problems that are arising with our evolving society for example obesity and a range of cardiovascular diseases. In addition many of the medicine available today either only treats the symptom or cures the disease with the addition of unwanted side effects. Hence, this is why drug discovery and development is vital. It is through drug discovery and development that new medicine is found. Currently a lot of effort is going into Binuclear metallohydrolases as a target in drug development. This is due to the fact this enzyme group has the potential to find solutions to health problems such as erectile dysfunctions, osteoporosis, cardiovascular dieses and also even become the seed in possible eradication of some antibiotic resistance. The main enzymes in the binuclear metallohydrolases group that are most vital us are purple acid phosphatases, metallo-ÃŽ ²-lactamases and arginases. The homologous feature in all these enzymes is the existence of two very nearly touching metal ions that hold the ability to attract water molecules that will then act as a nucleophile in a very particular hydrolytic reaction the importance of this is that it means that binuclear acids will have a powerful ionicShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Malaria And Its Effects On The Worlds Poorest1441 Words   |  6 Pagesor Medicine, diseases like malaria â€Å"have plagued humankind for a millennium and constitute a major global health problem. 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In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing†. Youyou Tu, one of the winners of the prize, discovered Artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering fromRead MoreThe Medicine Of The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant field nowadays because the discovery of the new medicines is the process that makes the number of deaths from diseases lower. About 253 people die per minute, 6,322 people die per hour, about 151,729 people die every day and a total of approximately 372,000,000 people per year. Not all of this death are due to different diseases but the 60% of the death is because of it and because there is no appropriate medicine to cure it. Every year a lot of medicines are dis covered by the pharmaceuticalsRead MoreMalaria Is A Disease That Affects The Worlds Poorest1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Nobel Assembly said at the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, â€Å"Diseases caused by parasites have plagued humankind for a millennium and constitute a major global health problem. In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing†. Youyou Tu, one of the winners of the prize, discovered Artemisinin, â€Å"a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering fromRead MoreDiseases Caused By Parasites Have Plagued Humankind For A Millennium1538 Words   |  7 Pagesplagued humankind for a millennium and constitute a major global health problem. In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing† Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is a prize for people who have most certain impacted mankind in allowing use to understand our bodies, cells, and diseases function. Speak of that later of that statement, if one had to name an infection that has plagued mankind malaria would mostRead MoreThe Nobel Science Challenge Of Malaria1510 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Nobel Assembly said at the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, â€Å"Diseases caused by parasites have plagued humankind for a millennia and constitute a major global health problem. In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing†. Youyou Tu, one of the winners of the prize, discovered Artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering fromRead MoreThe Advent of Penicillin Essay675 Words   |  3 Pagesworld of medicine at its discovery with its ability t o treat diseases, deadly at the time, that are now considered commonplace and easily treatable. Penicillin was one of the greatest discoveries of the twentieth century, as antibiotics are one of the most highly prescribed drugs in the world today. Although its discovery is often described as serendipitous, the process by which it was cultivated was quite meticulous, and continued attention has been paid to penicillins further development. It is

To What Extent Does Education Liberate People Within The...

This essay will discuss to what extent does education liberate people within the social classes. It will also discuss how Paulo Freire’s theory on how education can liberate people, furthermore considering how the Amish community may fail to be liberated through education. The definition of education is ‘the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life’. Also the definition of liberation is ‘the act or fact of gaining equal rights or full social or economic opportunities for a particular group’, dictionary.co.uk (2015). Paulo Freire a Brazilian educator discusses in his book the Pedagogy Of The Oppressed, his theory is that society is split into two groups the oppressors and the oppressed, the oppressors are the educated people such as teachers government workers etc. and the oppressed are the uneducated illiterate people of society, who are not respected, are manipulated and dictated to by the oppressors. The oppressed need to have an active role in educating themselves, which will allow them to be able to think critically and gain knowledge therefore liberating themselves from there oppression. Education also functions as a tool which is used to help combine the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring around conformity or it becomes the preparation of freedom, the means by which men and women deal criticallyShow MoreRelatedBritish Colonization Of Indi A Type Of Government1680 Words   |  7 PagesHistory II November 18,2016 British Colonization of India Imparaliziam is a type of government that seeks to increase its size either by forcing through or influencing though politics other countries to submit to their rule. At this time this is what Europe was doing too many nationals. Imperialism did not just start in the 19th century it was going on from since the 16th century. Imperialism and colonialism were two different things. 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American Dream in Great Gatsby Free Essays

The American Dream was an important theme in the book, The Great Gatsby. Every single character was somewhat involved or motivated by the American Dream vision. In the Great Gatsby, American Dream symbolized the â€Å"freedom and opportunity to better yourself and your situation. We will write a custom essay sample on American Dream in Great Gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now Characters had different ideas of going through the American Dream. Gatsby loved money, reinvention, and the American Dream. He planned to reinvent himself for a woman that was put on such a igh pedestal, that when brought down, his world had become something of an illusion. Daisy became a sort of goal, a symbol for wealth, that he basically makes her lose her humanity in his eyes. A sort of paradigm in which she was an object, when he won her it meant he was what he always wanted to be. By the end, the real shocker that brought him back to earth, that made him realize Daisy was an actual human, was seeing Patricia, Daisy’s daughter. Another character that symbolized the American Dream was Myrtle. Her only goal was to better her situation, such as being very materialistic and greedy. She decided to have an affair with one of the most unavailable and wealthiest men in the city. She was in the â€Å"relationship† not because of love or lust, but because of money. Someone that symbolized the American Dream in a positive way was Nick. He was from a family of old money yet he was willing to give up his family money and work hard. Nick wanted to build up his old name. Money was never very important to him as it was for the others. He actually understands how the American Dream corrupts the minds of all trying to achieve it. Nick was disillusioned with the American Dream by seeing how it immorally unethical it was. Yellow (such as silver and gold) that means corruption wealth and dishonest and white that means fapde and pure are colors that represent an egg which is a major symbol in the Great Gatsby. A theme of Self-Discovery and Intolerance was directly directed to Nick. He knew he wanted to find himself and create his name not live off of what his family has. The theme of the green light represented Gatsbys hope, renewal and rebirth of this new relationship with Daisy. Gatsbys motivation to move forward and better his situation Just to be with Daisy starts with that green light. It basically Just means plain wealth to him. Red was a symbol connected to Nick because he is the only one that does not think corruptly. Red symbolizes death in which Nick has seen people’s true self die out because of the American Dream. How to cite American Dream in Great Gatsby, Papers

Critical Evaluation of Macroeconomic Impact of any Policy or Structura

Question: Critical evaluation of microeconomic impact of any policy orStructural change or cyclical event - The Government, in its federal budget 2015, announced $237million in cut to the health and education departments. Likewise,other eight different departments are under functional and anefficiency review, which may cause more cuts and more job losses. Answer: Introduction The Federation of Australia has been working towards the improvement of Australis since 1901 where the Australian Government has aimed to change the lives of the people enormously by continuing the change at a larger rate. There are various opportunities and challenges which the Australian Government has been facing in terms of reviving its economy in order to increase the global economy to a great extent (Commonwealth Grants Commission 2015). The risks are being left without much addresals where lower no. of jobs, lower economic growth and lower life styles leading to reduced life standards were all observed in the process. In this article we would discuss the facts of the Australian economy which might have led to the formation of microeconomic reforms in almost all the sectors of Australia. In this context we would also identify the related economic variables which have an impact on the situation like production, profit, investment, price, consumption and risk factors. The main purpose of evaluating this report is to analyse the impact of the microeconomic reforms of any policy or Structural changes in any process. Analysis Australia is relatively a smaller populated Country which is placed over larger areas of land and the population has a major difference between 1901 and the present times. Australians have become more ethnically diverse than ever before and they have also grown their ideas extensively in terms of the economic aspects. Owing to the vast technological changes Australians have connected greatly to almost all the people in the world. Most of the Australians live much more a better life in terms of their health and education where they have grown their k knowledge extensively by establishing contacts with the others in terms of improving their health and life expectancy.Changes to the ways in which the Australians have been choosing to live their lives has also changed the ways in which they live as they have been contributing to the increase of the Australian Governments expenditure where the Government has been facing extreme pressure in terms of budget which is related to various depar tments. The Government has been facing pressure with respect to their revenues largely owing to the result of the fall of the commodity prices in Australia. In spite of these budgetary issues the publics expectation in terms of higher quality of services and products have been increasing as this need is being felt by the Government that they need a higher skilled population than ever before in order to compete with the other international countries in establishing their economy (Daley and McGannon 2013). On these lines the two critical departments for which the Government works with greater efficiency like the Health and Education should be revived by increasing the departmental efficiencies which can contribute in enhancing their functions. The impact which these services would have on the Organizational functions should also be assessed in order to motivate the employees to perform and maintain their higher standards to be able to secure Australias brighter future. The public should innovate to the best standards and they should create greater opportunities. The Abbott Government in 2015 has create some special budget where the second budget has been called to place their small businesses at the centre with a surprise tax package which has been a complete miss for the business communities (Commonwealth Grants Commission 2015). The Government has taken various measures in order to give an increase to the economy however it has proved to be a miss. The Government has focussed majorly on the small business firms where the taxes have been reduced from 30% to 28.5% with an annual turnover of less than $2 million. For unincorporated business firms as well they have reduced the taxes from 5% to 1.5%. Health In the sectors of Health and Education the Budget has given a set of mixed results. In the Health Sector the results have been winners as well as losers. The winning segment consisted of the following points. Winners Medical Researchers receive $ 400 million for all their research projects The recovery leave for the living organ donors has been extended from 6 to 9 weeks For women new cervical cancer means less no. of pap smears In the context of Cancer Patients there have been new drugs and breast cancer melanoma Losers Anti Vaccinators lose childcare subsidies and benefits related to the family if they arent vaccinated If any of the family members are chronically ill with some health issue they would have to spend more in order to qualify for the benefits Shortfall in terms of hospital funding prevails in spite of the budget Education This sector has proven to be a big time loser where the University Graduates living overseas will have to repay their HECS debts If we have a greater insight into the budget we would see that an initiative in order to contribute towards the economic growth of the Country. The Government wants the people to spend and the Government feels that this type of a budgetary reform would work because these initiatives will have major flows on the effects of the economy in terms of providing them a greater growth. More amounts of cash which can be routed into the economy will prove this budget to be a great win win for all the people (Commonwealth Government Department of Social Services 2015). In the present context where there are various reforms being made in terms of micro economic policies the education sector will have a greater competition involved with the type of budgetary reforms which have been formed and implemented. The Universities are large to face the competition however the schools in which some of the Students enrol themselves for any higher courses might not be as big and the international schools and universities might have to face tougher competition with relation to the education being provided and to be implemented. The Educational institution should face the competition by forming newer courses and by enrolling maximum no. of students and by also targeting those niche markets from where they would be able to get students where there might be lesser drop outs in terms of course enrolments (Productivity Commission 2015). Porters Five Forces Model Porters Five Forces Model is a useful model based on which the competitors in the markets would be able to assess the scope of competition and the scope of profitability which they would be able to make and their probable risks which they might face as well. The model considers various organizations in the industry and four main competitors like the Customers, Suppliers, and Potential entrants into the industry and substitute products. With the type of budget which the Australian Government has proposed there is a higher risk of competition which is likely to come up and would also allow various buyers to be more selective in terms of placing their requirements in terms of education in order to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the industry. The Organizations which intend to enter the market will face a higher competition in terms of positioning themselves in the market (Productivity Commission 2015). In a shorter term period there would be an increase in the competition in terms of more and more newer buyers entering the market where it would make the present market more unstable by demanding more focus on their present situations and systems. The Organizations in the Health and Education segment in the present market would be forced to come up with better and cost effective solutions in order to achieve results which would generate higher revenues. In the long term if the same trend continues the organizations would be forced to deal with the negative impacts which they might face as an industry. This situation is applicable to the Health and the Education sectors. The bidding of the contracts would also not be as viable and will not be cost effective in terms of generating higher revenue as an Organization. In order to generate profits the Organizations would look at the international buyers from different locations or they would choose to move out of the industry. Rivalry among Competing Sellers in an Industry Health and Education sectors are relatively critical and there are lesser no. of Organizations in this context at least those with a higher brand value. Health and Education sectors are also known for their specialised nature where there is a steady increase in the market growth and there is also an increase in terms of its industry competition (Phillip Kotler, Jhon Bowen, James Makens 2003). The departments of Health and Education sectors offer higher risks and rewards as there are lesser no. of companies in competition and even if there might be competition from the international markets they should be able to establish themselves in the local markets and provide genuine service in order to capture their markets. Potential Entry of New Competitors As discussed earlier that there could be competition with the type of new budgetary proposals made in the Health and Education sectors however minimal capital investments would be essential as the established Educational institutions and the Hospitals might offer their business to be run by the external organizations. The switching costs might also be lower in this case as there is not much costs involved in terms of setting up any of their initial entries. The only competition which would offer itself upfront for the new entry competitor in the business is the already existing competition which the Organization might have been facing (Michael E Porter 2015). The policies which might have been set by the Government would also be a source of competition where the new entrants would have to deal with them in a way where they can prove themselves to be more standardised in such a business environment. Competitive Pressures from Substitute Products Health and Education sectors are considered to be niche sectors and there are various methods of providing service to the consumers in terms of economic services, products which they offer, advice on various services and providing technical assistance. Expensive products which incur various costs in terms of construction of newer buildings which might involve special costs of maintenance could also result in creating competitive pressures from new substitute products and services (Michael E Porter 2015). Supplier (Seller) Bargaining Power and Collaboration in an Industry In the Health and Education sectors the supplier pool is large where the employees and the resources which are required to educate the people in the University and schools is available however there might be lesser raw material like the sophisticated materials which are required to set up the Health and Education environment might not be available. Conclusion The Governments work in various ways to deliver public services especially like Health and Education sectors where they provide highest quality services however continue to educate the Australians and their highly skilled population to continue on a global stage. We have analysed the microeconomic reforms which were made related to the Health and Education sectors in 2015 by the Federal Government of Australia by conducting an analysis using the Porters Five Forces Model. The Government in future can be positive about the checks it has made on the reforms and the efficiency with which it can work towards the Countrys growth. References Commonwealth Grants Commission 2015, letter to Treasurer, Advice on the Treatment of Large and Volatile State Revenues, Gareth Hutchens 2015, Federal Budget 2015 The Governments something special may not save Australia, Viewed on May 24h 2016, Productivity Commission 2014, Child Care and Early Childhood Learning, Inquiry Report, Canberra, p. 497 Productivity Commission 2015, Report on Government Services, Volume B: Child care, education and training, Canberra Productivity Commission 2015, Report on Government Services, Volume B: Child care, education and training, Canberra Commonwealth Government Department of Social Services 2015, Child Care Assistance Package, 10 May 2015, Commonwealth of Australia 2015, Intergenerational Report, Canberra 2015 indicates that economic growth into the future will come from productivity which is directly linked to education. 45 J Daley and C McGannon 2013, Grattan Institute paper: Budget pressures on Australian governments, Grattan Institute, Melbourne Michael E Porter 2015, The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, 78 95, Viewed on May 24th 2016, Phillip Kotler, Jhon Bowen, James Makens 2003, Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 3rded. Prentice Hall.